Synthesis mode explanation

[2] CLIP STUDIO PAINT synthesis mode full explanation [Overlay-brightness]

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駒米トオル

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The text is written in Japanese in the image, but please be assured that the same text is transcribed into the text in the article so that it can be translated.

Below, although the content is the same as this article, we have also created a video.

There is also an explanation in some videos, so please have a look if you like.

▼ Video

[13] Overlay

It's one of the most popular compositing modes, but it's actually a combination of multiplication and screen.

The condition of the overlay changes depending on the color of the layer below,

If the base color is 0.5 (128) or more (bright), the same effect as the screen

If the base color is 0.5 (128) or less (dark), the same effect as multiplication is applied.

However, if it is applied as it is, the brightness and darkness will change too rapidly between 0.5 and above and 0.5 and below, so double the calculation to slow down the change.

【a formula】

Basic color> 0.5

Result color = 2 (basic color + composite color-basic color composite color / 255) -255

Result color = 1-2 (1-basic color) (1-composite color)

Basic color <0.5

Result color = basic color composite color 2/255

Result color = 2 basic color composite color

← Original picture overlay →

▲ The composition is such that bright areas are screens and dark areas are multiplications. As a result, bright areas are brighter and dark areas are darker, resulting in higher contrast.

▼ I have explained various formulas so far, but in fact, if you look only at the result, it is more like dodge color and burn-in color than screen and multiplication, and the result is that the saturation is greatly increased.

← Dodge color ｜ Burning color overlay →

It is suitable when you want to change the saturation and lightness, but it may not be suitable for use in some cases because the hue is close to the hue of the synthetic color.

[14] Soft light

Crysta's official reference guide states that the conditions change depending on the color of the composite color, and if it is 0.5 or more, it will have an effect like dodging, and if it is 0.5 or less, it will have an effect like burning, but detailed calculation Regarding the formula, I did not understand that it was clear because there seemed to be considerable variations and theories in each software.

However, looking only at the results, if the composite color is a bright color, it will look like a "screen with a little increased contrast", and if it is a dark color, it will look like a "weak burn-in color / overlay".

← Screen soft light →

← Overlay soft light →

I think this is a composite mode that is suitable when you want to add a soft color change.

[15] Hard light

The hard light is a combination of multiplication and screen like the overlay, but the overlay decides whether to multiply or screen based on the lower layer (basic color), while the hard light is the upper layer (composite). Decide whether to multiply or screen based on color).

【a formula】

Synthetic color <0.5 (128)

Result color = 2 (basic color + composite color-basic color composite color / 255) -255

Result color = 2 basic color composite color

Synthetic color> 0.5 (128)

Result color = basic color composite color 2/255

Result color = 1-2 (1-basic color) (1-synthetic color)

Therefore, if you turn the basic color and the composite color upside down and change the composite mode of the basic color, the same result will be obtained as if they were interchanged.

← Overlay hard light →

▼ It is often said that it is stronger and more intense than overlays and soft lights because of the name hard light, but if you choose by strength or weakness,

Soft light <Overlay <Vivid light (described later)

It may be better to think of hard lights as different things in this order.

▼ Hard light is a solid color for both bright and dark colors while leaving the light and dark of the lower layer, so change the color later, such as changing the color with the hard light only for the mesh part after drawing the shadow of the hair. This is a convenient compositing mode when you want to.

[16] Absolute value of difference

As the name suggests, it is the absolute value of the difference between RGB values.

Result color = basic color-composite color (even if the result is-, it becomes +)

However, it may be easier to understand by looking at the result than by looking at the formula.

▼ As a feature, if you use a bright color, the color change will be strong, and if you use a dark color, the color change will be weak.

▼ When the saturation of the composite color is high, the bright part of the basic color has a hue closer to the complementary color of the composite color, and the dark part of the basic color has a hue closer to the composite color.

▼ And if the saturation of the composite color is low, the hue brightness saturation will be reversed.

▼ Oita has a strong habit, so it may seem that it is useless, but you can use it like a pseudo gradation map just by putting the absolute value of the difference slightly above.

▼ You can also use it to check the difference by taking advantage of the characteristic that the same color will be black.

[17] Vivid light

Vivid lights are similar to overlays, and if the overlay is a combination of multiplication and screen, then vivid light is a combination of burn (color) and dodge (color).

Placing a highly saturated color will make the color change more and more difficult to handle, but it will have the effect of a strong overlay plate.

▼ Duplicate the same picture, lightly blur it, overlay it, or make it a vivid light for cinematic processing.

[18] Linear light

The linear light is a combination of burn-in linear and dodge linear.

This is an effect like a strong version of hard light.

It is better to use a linear light when you feel that the saturation is low with a hard light and the contrast is weak.

← Hard light Linear light →

This is true for all contrast-based compositing modes, but bright colors can be used as light and dark colors can be used as shade.

In particular, hard lights and linear lights are easy to get on with synthetic colors, so

Hard light, if you want to use the screen and multiplication effect with one layer

If you want to use the dodge and burn effects, you can use a linear light to reduce layers.

▲ An example of drawing shadows and light with just one linear light layer

[19] Pin light

A pin light is a combination of comparison (dark) and comparison (bright).

If the composite color is lower than 128, the effect is comparison (dark), and if it is higher, the effect is comparison (bright).

【a formula】

Synthetic color> 128

Basic color <255-2 * For composite color → Basic color

Basic color> 255-2 Synthetic color → 2 Synthetic color

Synthetic color <128

Basic color <2 Composite color-255 → 2 Composite color-255

Basic color> 2 * Composite color-255 → Basic color

← Original picture Pinlight →

Pin light is very difficult to imagine the result after composition, and it feels bright because it has "light" in the name, but it is used for processing like a pseudo gradation map like the absolute value of the difference. I think that is the easiest to use.

[20] Hard mix

When the upper layer and the lower layer are added, it is the most extreme composition mode that it becomes 255 when it becomes 255 or more and 0 when it becomes 255 or less, so red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, cyan, white, black. Colors other than the 8 colors of are not displayed. Therefore, the result is as if antialiasing is not applied.

Hard mixes have a very strong habit, so it's a little difficult to handle, but for example, it's perfect for psychedelic processing that seems to be bad for the eyes, it goes well with noise textures, and if you lightly color it with an airbrush It can be processed like image deterioration.

Left side of the image below: The back is darkened for easy understanding.

【21】Except

Exclusions are similar to the absolute value of the difference, with lower contrast and a softer impression than the absolute value of the difference, giving the picture a color palette look.

【a formula】

Result color = basic color + synthetic color-2 basic color synthetic color / 255

Result color = (1-composite color) basic color + (1-basic color) composite color

← Absolute value of difference excluded →

You may want to use this exclusion when the absolute value of the difference is too high in contrast.

[22] Color comparison (dark)

As you can see from the name, the effect is very similar to comparison (dark), but comparison (dark) compares each RGB value one by one, while color comparison (dark) compares the total of RGB values. Displays the darker (smaller number) color.

▼ Therefore, the comparison (dark) is composed in a form that is familiar to the lower layer, while the color comparison (dark) overwrites the color as it is like the normal layer.

← Comparison (dark) Color comparison (dark) →

If you really don't want to change the color, or if you want the color to be reflected as it is, it is better to use color comparison (dark).

[23] Color comparison (bright)

Similar to the color comparison (dark), the total RGB values are compared and the brighter color (larger number) is displayed.

I think it's better to judge whether you want them to be familiar with the comparison (bright) or to display the same color.

【24】Division

As the name suggests, divide the color of the lower layer by the color of the upper layer.

Since it is basically a bright color, it can be used as a highlight or light emission as well as dodging and addition.

【a formula】

Result color = basic color / composite color * 255

← Original picture division →

▲ There is a slight peculiarity that the darker the composite color, the brighter it becomes, and the hue is the opposite of the composite color. think.

Also, because it is a division, it has the characteristic of becoming white when the same color is used.

You can use this characteristic to erase the color of the characteristic, but it will be brighter if you use it as a whole, so it is recommended to use it when the other color is only black or the color you want to erase pinpoint. I will.

About HLS color space

From now on, we will use the color circle of the triangle instead of the RGB value.

The surrounding ring is "H: hue", the vertical movement of the triangle is "L: brightness", and the horizontal movement is "S: saturation". If you want to know more, please search for "HLS color space".

Luminance is very similar to lightness, but lightness takes into account "brightness of color", while brightness takes into account "brightness felt by humans".

It may be easier to understand if you compare this color circle when it is monochrome based on brightness (center) and when it is monochrome based on brightness (right), but "Yellow is bright and blue is dark ... Many people may think that the difference in brightness felt for each color is brightness, but these are all "brightness".

So, strictly speaking, brightness and brightness are different, but I think many people find it confusing, difficult, or difficult to understand.

For such people, I would like you to remember that brightness is "appearance brightness" and "it is different from brightness".

【25】Hue

Keeps the brightness of the lower layer and keeps the hue of the upper layer.

If the composite color is achromatic, the resulting color will also be achromatic. On the other hand, if the lower layer is achromatic, the hue will not be applied, so be careful.

← Original picture Hue →

[26] Saturation

Saturate the upper layer while preserving the brightness and hue of the lower layer.

Also, please note that there is no change if the lower layer is achromatic.

← Original picture Saturation →

[27] Color

Keep the brightness (brightness) of the lower layer, and keep the hue and saturation of the upper layer.

As the name suggests, it is a composite mode that can be used when changing colors, and even if the basic color is achromatic, it will be colored.

However, the brightness remains in the lower layer, so if you want a difference in brightness due to the color change, it is recommended to change the color with a hard light or a linear light.

← Original picture color →